2008 BMW M3 Coupe

Brand-new in technology and design.
Within the BMW M GmbH model range, the BMW M3 has always been that very special model living up in full to its motorsport heritage. Indeed, this already applied to the very first BMW M3 launched in 1986 and continued throughout the two subsequent model generations. And now this supremacy comes out once again most clearly in the 2007 version of the BMW M3.

Although the latest generation of the BMW M3 was based in its development on the BMW 3-Series Coupé, the new high-performance model differs from the "regular" coupé in terms of both looks and technical features. Apart from the car's unique design as well as its drivetrain and suspension technology conceived from the start for supreme performance, lightweight technology came right at the top in the brief given to the engineers at BMW M. And just how consistently this development target has been translated into reality in terms of intelligent lightweight engineering is borne out by the car's power-to-weight ratio of only 3.8 kg (8.4 lb) per horsepower.

One of the reasons for this low weight is that the BMW M3 is the first production car in its segment to boast a roof made of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFP). And in all, the BMW M3 Coupe, with the exception of just a few components, is indeed completely new in its engineering and design concept, clearly reflecting the successful tradition of BMW M GmbH.
Apart from the load-bearing structure of the car, only the two doors, the bootlid, the windows, the headlights and rear lights have been carried over from the 3 Series Coupé. All other body components, by contrast, were specially developed for the BMW M3.
The unique character of the BMW M3 is obvious at first sight: Over and above the engine compartment lid with its striking powerdome and the two air intake openings, the function-oriented design of the front and rear air dams, the so-called gills in the front side panels, the side-sills also in distinctive design, the roof made of clearly visible carbon fibre, as well as the exterior mirrors and light-alloy wheels in BMW M design clearly characterise the new model from the ground up. The exterior, in turn, through its athletic and aesthetic appearance, powerfully underlines the sporting qualities of the car.

The exterior paintwork likewise adds an individual touch, offering the connoisseur not only numerous additional colours, but also four special paintwork options exclusive to BMW M.

The interior: tailor-made for optimum driving pleasure.
In designing the interior, the specialists at BMW M GmbH have succeeded in offering the occupants maximum driving pleasure in an ambience tailored to their specific needs and wishes. This applies particularly to the driver, with all controls and instruments relating directly to the active driving experience in the car adapted to the supreme performance of the BMW M3 and re-designed from the ground up wherever appropriate.

Double circular instruments with white illumination and red needles, the M leather steering wheel and the newly designed centre console all characterise the cockpit of the BMW M3. The door cutout trim embellished by the characteristic M logo, the support for the driver's left foot made of brushed metal, the special design and colour of the inner door panels, as well as the trim strip made of high-quality, sophisticated materials exclusive to BMW M such as leather in carbon design or aluminium, all serve to underline the supreme and truly unique position of the BMW M3.

The first-ever eight-cylinder to power a BMW M3.
After 15 glorious years in the world of motoring, the straight-six power unit lauded time and again as the Engine-of-the-Year in the two former model generations of the BMW M3 (2001 and 1992) is now giving way to a truly worthy successor: The BMW M3 comes for the first time with an eight-cylinder power unit. And the specifications of this all-new high-performance engine clearly prove the competence and skill of the engine development specialists at BMW M GmbH gained in a long history of racing success: Displacing 3,999 cc, the new V8 develops maximum output of 309 kW/420 hp, together with peak torque of 400 Newton-metres or 295 lb-ft at 3, 900 rpm. Perhaps an even more outstanding fact is that some 85 per cent of the engine's peak torque remains available throughout the enormous speed range of 6, 500 rpm.
The eight-cylinder nevertheless owes its most striking and distinctive forte to the high-speed engine concept so typical of BMW M: Revving all the way to 8,400 rpm, the new power unit offers supreme muscle and performance at all times. Power is transmitted to the rear wheels by a six-speed manual gearbox interacting with brand-new final drive. This combination alone provides an acceleration and power potential reminiscent in its spontaneity and endurance to the dynamic potential of a thoroughbred racing car.
Over and above specific output of 105 hp per litre, average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 12.4 litres/100 km (equal to 22.8 mpg Imp) offers a clear expression of the engineering skill so characteristic of the engine specialists at BMW M GmbH.

Weighing a mere 202 kg (445 lb), the V8 power unit featured in the BMW M3 is a genuine lightweight. Even compared with the six-cylinder power unit in the former model, engine weight is down by some 15 kg or 33 lb.

Production of components using know-how carried over from Formula 1.
The engine block featured on the new eight-cylinder comes from BMW's light-alloy foundry in Landshut near Munich, which also builds the engine blocks for the supreme racing machines entered in Formula 1 by BMW Sauber. The crankcase is made of a special aluminium/silicon alloy eliminating the need for conventional cylinder liners, since the cylinder surface is formed instead by exposing the hard silicon crystals integrated in the alloy. The iron-coated pistons thus run directly in these uncoated, honed cylinder bores.

With the high speed of the engine and high compression forces obviously exerting extreme loads on the crankcase, the crankcase is compact and particularly stiff in its bedplate structure, ensuring very exact support of the crankshaft. Made as a complete forging, the crankshaft is very stable in terms of flexural and torsional stiffness, but nevertheless weighs a mere 20 kg or approximately 44 lb.

Valve control by double-VANOS operating at low oil pressure.
The V8 power unit of the BMW M3 features BMW's variable double-VANOS camshaft control. Keeping valve timing extremely short and quick, this superior technology reduces charge cycle losses and, in the process, improves engine output, torque and responsiveness, with an equally positive impact on both fuel economy and emissions.
A low-pressure version of BMW's double-VANOS has been developed especially for the new eight-cylinder, ensuring extremely fast valve timing even under normal engine oil pressure.
A separate throttle butterfly for each cylinder is the most supreme and sophisticated technology not only on racing engines when it comes to providing immediate engine response. So precisely this is why the new power unit on the BMW M3 comes with eight individual throttle butterflies, two actuators operating four butterflies on each row of cylinders to provide particularly smooth engine repose at low speeds combined with an immediate reaction whenever the driver requires supreme engine power and equally supreme performance.

Two volume flow-controlled pendulum-slide-cell pumps supply the eight-cylinder with sufficient lubricant at all times, delivering precisely the amount of oil the engine requires under current running conditions. Wet sump lubrication optimised for driving dynamics ensures a reliable supply of oil even in an extreme brake manoeuvre, with the system combining two oil sumps with one another - a small oil sump in front of the front axle subframe and a large oil sump further behind. A separate oil reflow pump extracts oil from the front oil sump and delivers it to the rear sump again in a smooth process geared to current requirements.

New engine management and Brake Energy Regeneration.
The electronic management of the V8 power unit coordinating all engine functions with optimum efficiency and precision, is yet another new development. A further point is that the control unit masterminds all the M-specific functions of the clutch, transmission, steering, and brakes. And last but not least, the engine control unit performs a wide range of on-board diagnostic functions, as well as other control operations involving, say, various ancillary units on the engine.
A particular highlight in engine management is ion flow technology serving to detect the risk of the engine knocking as well as mis-firing and mis-combustion. Contrary to conventional technologies, this new technology monitors the engine and performs its function precisely where things count most, that is within the combustion chamber. To do this, each cylinder is checked via the spark plug for any possible knocking, and is then controlled accordingly. At the same time the system checks the ignition and recognises any mis-firing, the spark plug thus serving as an actuator for the ignition and as a sensor monitoring the combustion process. In this way the spark plug is able to distinguish between mis-combustion and mis-firing, also facilitating the process of engine diagnosis for highly efficient service and maintenance through its dual function.

Intelligent energy management featuring Brake Energy Regeneration likewise serves to further enhance the efficiency of the V8 power unit in the BMW M3 Coupe. In this case the power required for the on-board network is generated specifically during overrun and during application of the brakes, serving to charge the car's battery at exactly the right time without taking up any of the energy contained in the car's fuel. As long as the engine is "pulling" the car, therefore, the alternator generally remains disengaged. Apart from particularly efficient generation of electric power, this also serves to provide more drive power and traction for supreme acceleration at all times.

Aluminium suspension for driving pleasure of the highest standard.
Smoothly and efficiently sharing out steering and drive forces on the front and rear axle, the chassis and suspension of the BMW M3 provides the ideal foundation right from the start for particularly dynamic performance and driving characteristics. The chassis of the BMW M3 is indeed a brand-new development from the ground up, seeking to cope from the start with the significant increase in drive power and save a lot of weight in the process.
Precisely this is why nearly all components on the newly developed front axle are made of aluminium, among them the spring struts even stiffer than before, the swivel bearings, the central subframe and an additional thrust plate enhancing crosswise stability of the entire front section. Indeed, the engineers at BMW GmbH have even succeeded in saving additional weight on the high-performance brake system with its compound brake discs.
The five-arm rear axle of the BMW M3 in lightweight technology is also a brand-new construction from the ground up, with the exception of one single track control arm. The particular design and construction of all aluminium arms in forging technology, in conjunction with the aluminium dampers, serves to reduce weight on this part of the car alone by 2.5 kg or 5.5 lb.
Anti-roll bars optimised for their function and minimum weight are featured both front and rear. The change in axle geometry in both cases - featuring two additional longitudinal bars, apart from other new or modified components - offers new axle kinematics tailored to the high power of the car and its particularly sporting and dynamic overall character.
The new final drive on the BMW M3 comes complete with a Variable M Differential Lock providing up to 100 per cent locking action in a completely variable process whenever required and thus ensuring optimum traction on all surfaces. Responding to differences in speed between the right and left rear wheel, the Variable M Differential Lock also offers ideal support further enhancing the positive features and characteristics of rear-wheel drive.

The result of these many improvements on the chassis and suspension also comes out clearly on the race track, the BMW M3 significantly outperforming the lap times of all model generations on the Nordschleife of Nürburgring, where all BMW M Cars are put through their paces for their ultimate test.

MDrive button for the ambitious driving enthusiast.
Enjoying the qualities of the BMW M3, the driver is able to configure several driving parameters indivdually according to his particular requirements, thus adjusting the car's behaviour and performance to his personal preferences. One option, for example, is to completely deactivate the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) via the car's set-up. Electronic Damper Control (EDC), in turn, which optimises both vertical vibration behaviour as well as the car's dive and roll in bends and when applying the brakes and accelerating by adjusting damper forces, comes with three different settings - Normal, Comfort, and Sports - the driver is able to pre-select at the touch of a button.
Three control maps are also available for precise, on-demand management of the engine. These management functions operate not only on the position of the throttle butterflies in the intake manifold, but also on further factors and parameters significantly changing the behaviour and response of the engine.

The optionally available MDrive configuration enables the driver to pre-select the response of the Servotronic power steering. In the process, MDrive is able to follow two control maps varying steering forces between the Normal and Sports setting as a function of road speed.

Athletic body design as a visible expression of superior power.
The exterior of the BMW M3 Coupe was designed and developed from the start to give the car a truly unique and sporting look. So applying the principle of "form follows function", the designers at BMW M GmbH, in giving the body of the car its particular look and appearance, have succeeded in finding a perfect match of supreme technology, on the one hand, and authentic sporting design, on the other.

Reflecting this clear-cut principle, the engine compartment lid made of aluminium features an impressive powerdome right in the middle. Together with the recesses right next to the powerdome providing space for additional air intake openings, this special design feature clearly hints to the supreme potential of the eight-cylinder power unit within the engine compartment. The contours of the powerdome and air intakes follow the forward-pointing arrow shape of the engine compartment lid, blending harmoniously into the overall design of the front end even longer than on the "regular" BMW 3 Series Coupé.

Front end designed for maximum air intake.
The front end of the car boasts three large air intake scoops beneath the radiator grille serving to feed intake and cooling air to the engine. The air intake scoops border on either side on large, vertical bars and further enhance the characteristic design language of the car. Together with the double kidney grille so typical of BMW and the low-slung headlight units with their xenon main beams, the air intakes give the BMW M3 a highly dynamic appearance right from the start.
Primarily, however, the particular design and structure of the front end is determined by the supply of air required for the high-performance power unit: Almost the entire front end opens up to supply the naturally aspirated engine with a sufficient flow of air. So it is only consistent that the BMW M3, like BMW M Cars in general, does without the foglamps so characteristic of the "regular" models in the range.

In their function and size, all the air intakes are precisely defined according to technical requirements. Their arrangement and dimensions are geared precisely to the cooling and intake air required by the engine and its ancillary units.

Light and shade effects creating a firm and taut side-line.
The powerfully chiselled front wheel arches on the BMW M3 stand out clearly as a symbol of supreme agility and driving stability. Together with the weight-optimised 18-inch light-alloy wheels in double-spoke design again so typical of a BMW M, the wheel arches accentuate the particularly wide track of the car.
Forged light-alloy wheels measuring 19 inches are available as an option. And looking through the spokes of the wheels, regardless of the version chosen, the beholder will immediately admire the compound high-performance brakes developed exclusively for BMW M Cars.
Both front side panels come with a particular sign of distinction to be seen only on a BMW M Car - the air intake "gills", as they are called by the designers. The elaborately modelled contours of the car highlight the course of the profile line extending back along the side. The chrome trim distinguishing between the various sections, in turn, further enhances the three-dimensional structure of this particular element, accommodating both the long and sweeping direction indicator as well as the M3 logo.
The exterior mirrors developed exclusively for the BMW M3 Coupe also serve to enhance the car's aerodynamic qualities. The most characteristic feature on the mirrors is the double arm finished in black and reminiscent in its design of the wings of an aircraft. Through their horizontal contour edge and their particular shape narrowing to the outside, the exterior mirrors not only accentuate the sporting look of the car, but also help to reduce air drag thanks to their particular shape optimised in the wind tunnel.

Two surface elements literally twisting around one another form the significantly flared side-sills and generate a smooth but interchanging flow of light serving to give the car an even lighter and more sporting look from this angle by making the side panels look even lower. In their design, the side-sills correspond with the particular shape and appearance of the clearly contoured profile line along the body. A further point is that the distinctive contrast of light and shade generates a feeling of tension on the likewise muscular, widely flared side panels and the wheels beneath, thus giving particular emphasis to the significance of rear-wheel drive in the outstanding performance it gives the BMW M3.

Discreet spoiler lip and rear diffuser for optimum aerodynamics.
Seen from the rear, the BMW M3 again boasts superior and powerful proportions. At the same time the rear end design of the car takes up the characteristic look of the front end, the side-line moving down smoothly and gently and the rear wings extending into a carefully chiselled concave panel underlining the concept of rear-wheel drive and visualising the superior dynamics of the car.
A discreet spoiler lip on the lid of the luggage compartment also referred to in racing terms as the "Gurney Flap" optimises the streamlining of the BMW M3 and serves to further reduce lift forces at the rear.
The contours of the diffuser split up into individual sections by carefully modelled bars beneath the rear bumper again takes up the shape and design of the air intakes at the front. The air flow duct and the dual tailpipe moved far towards the centreline of the car appear to visually contract the rear end in the lower middle section, building up a feeling of superior tension in the eyes of the beholder extending all the way to the horizontally flowing lines of the bumper.

As yet another feature typical of BMW M Cars, the four tailpipes are circular in shape and cut off in a straight line at the rear, giving the rear end an even more muscular stance and again focusing the beholder's attention on the powerful wheels of the car.

Roof in high-tech carbon-fibre: low weight, big effect.
Carbon-fibre has made its way successfully into Formula 1 as an extremely stable, but nevertheless very light material. So it is only consistent for the designers and engineers responsible for the BMW M3 to use precisely this material originally applied in aerospace in order to further lower the centre of gravity of the BMW M3 - carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFP) is used where it counts most, on the outer skin of the car, saving about 5 kg or 11 lb in the process. With this weight being saved at the highest point on the body, the effect on driving dynamics is of course particularly positive.
To enhance the high-tech character of the car also in visual terms, the roof is finished only in clear paint, thus proudly maintaining and demonstrating the woven structure of the carbon fibre. A further point is that the dark look of the roof makes the roof pillars look even lower from the side, creating the impression as if the entire car were resting in an even lower and more dynamic position on the road.

The production technology developed especially for the CFP roof is currently applied exclusively by BMW's specialists at the Company's plant in Landshut just north of Munich. Originally, this technology was developed for the production of very special cars built in limited editions for the most demanding connoisseurs. And now, thanks to the unique know-how of BMW's production engineers at the Landshut Plant, new ways and means of using and processing CFP have been developed, opening up the door to the use of this material in far larger numbers, for example on the roof of the BMW M3.

Special M body colours adding a further touch of exclusivity.
The BMW M3 Coupe is available with a choice of no less than four M metallic paintwork options giving particular emphasis to the interaction of the body surfaces, the contours and proportions of the car. Coming with a light shimmering effect, Melbourne Red, for example, combines unique brilliance and colour depth. Jerez Black, on the other hand, boasts blue pearl pigments to again provide unique highlights and unprecedented appeal. Powerful Interlagos Blue, in turn, incorporates red colour pigments to provide a highly attractive interaction of blue and violet from various angles.
The fourth colour already well known from the BMW M5 and BMW M6 is Silverstone, a light silver colour with a slight touch of blue.

In addition, the BMW M3 is available in both Alpine White and Black as well as Sparkling Graphite and Space Grey metallic, all body colours highlighting either the technical and sporting character of the car or its superior and elegant look.

Another feature typical of BMW M: rev counter with variable warning zones.
The exterior impressively symbolises the outstanding performance and sporting qualities of the BMW M3. The interior, in turn, supplements this supreme flair, seeking to offer the driver an unparalleled driving experience and all the other occupants a beautiful ambience tailored to their needs. Well-conceived and sophisticated ergonomics within the interior serve to ensure a complete symbiosis of man and machine, the driver and passenger coming together to form one complete whole.
In its design, however, the BMW M3 differs on some essential points from the "underlying" BMW 3 Series Coupé, making the BMW M3 a truly unmistakable car right from the beginning as soon as you get inside. Indeed, door entry trim embellished with the M logo shows the driver and passengers from the start that this is a very special car.
The dual dials (speedometer/fuel gauge and rev counter/oil temperature) typical of BMW from the start come in this case in specific BMW M configuration, again visualising the supreme power and performance of the eight-cylinder. The numbers stand out in white from the black background, the indicators in the traditional red colour of BMW M GmbH are particularly clear and easy to monitor A special feature typical of a BMW M Car is the rev counter with its variable warning field informing the driver while the engine is warming up of the speed range currently available as a function of engine oil temperature. In this process, the borderline between the pre-warning zone shown in yellow and the actual warning area shown in red moves as a function of increasing oil temperature in the BMW M3 all the way to the maximum permissible speed of 8,400 rpm. The digital instruments presenting the time, the exterior temperature, trip mileage and telltales are housed in between the two circular instruments.
The BMW M leather steering wheel serves as the perfect interface between man and machine. The steering wheel rim offering simply perfect grip also thanks to special contours allows precise movement of the steering wheel according to the driver's commands. The cross-brackets on the steering wheel, in turn, house the remote control buttons for the audio system and mobile phone as well as the optional MDrive button serving to call up the particular set-up of the car saved in advance within the system. A further button is freely programmable by means of iDrive.

An integrated footrest gives the driver's left foot a secure position whenever he is not required to operate the clutch pedal. The trim made of brushed aluminium and the anti-slip cover in the middle highlight the sporting character of this functional element, allowing the driver to keep his left leg in a particularly comfortable position while driving steadily at a consistent speed.

Newly designed centre console and enhanced iDrive.
The control area in the cockpit directly in front of the driver merges into the newly designed centre console between the front seats oriented in its entire geometry to the driver through its discreet sweeping arrangement. On all trim versions of the BMW M3, the console is finished in black leather, harmoniously extending the instrument surrounds and control area in both the right colour and design.
Three function switches (Power, DSC and, as an option, EDC) face towards the driver, enabling him to conveniently activate or deactivate the various electronic driving programs. The intuitive user guidance provided by the iDrive control concept and enhanced in this case by MDrive reflects the control philosophy already boasted in the BMW M6.
Quality craftsmanship and sophisticated materials.
Apart from the clear design and optimum ergonomics of all controls and instruments, the choice of colours and materials within the interior of the BMW M3 seeks to support the driver in concentrating on driving conditions and the traffic around him.
Regardless of the colour chosen, the footwells and parcel shelf as well as the upper half of the instrument panel are finished in dark Anthracite. At the same time the dark roof lining and dark trim on the A-pillars further accentuate the clear orientation to the driver so typical of BMW M. This dark colour scheme around the windscreen helps the driver furthermore to concentrate his eyes and all senses on the road, giving him a particularly good feeling of through, consistent control over his vehicle.
The colour scheme surrounding the front passenger and the passengers at the rear likewise enhances their feeling of travelling in a genuine sports car: Through the use of black leather on the upper levels both the door panels and the rear side panels appear to be lower and even more dynamic in their dimensions, the dark areas seemingly "flowing" around the driver and passengers.
The sporting ambience within the interior is upgraded even further by an exclusive impression of quality provided by high-class materials and perfect finish in top-class craftsmanship. A double-clip seam accentuating the demanding character of the car and its high standard of production separates the upper section of the door and side linings from the interior elements kept in the trim colour chosen by the driver.
All four seats in the BMW M3 offer both supreme comfort on long distances and excellent side support in fast bends. As an option, both the driver and the front passenger are able to choose special seats with adjustable backrest width. The rear seat bench comes complete with through-loading available as an option with a ski-bag retrofittable if desired. And last but not least, the partition between the two rear seats designed as an extension of the centre console houses an additional storage box for extra convenience.
Wide range of customisation within the interior.
The BMW M3 Coupe is available in three exclusive equipment and trim variants differing significantly from the "regular" BMW 3 Series Coupé in their material, colour and finish. The sporting, "basic" trim is a combination of cloth and leather called "Speed". Newly developed, fully tanned Novillo leather then comes as an option offering a particularly smooth and velvety surface in elegant and sporting style. Apart from classic Black, Novillo leather is also available in Palladium Silver, Bamboo Beige, and Fox Red.
As a further option, Novillo leather can be extended to the lower section of the instrument panel, the cover on the glove compartment, and the side covers on the centre console.
Four exclusive trim strips extending throughout the entire width of the dashboard beneath the Control Display and instrument cluster, provide further options in customising the BMW M3. The "basic" trim comes in Titanium Shadow, with Aluminium Shadow and special leather tanned in carbon design as well as high-class wood in fine-grain surface design and platane wood in Anthracite all being available as an option. In each case, the trim strip gives the interior of the BMW M3 its own very special touch ranging from cool high-tech to sporting elegance.
BMW Individual high-end audio system for perfect music enjoyment.
The BMW M3 comes as standard with a high-class audio system. Various navigation systems, the BMW Online mobile internet portal, BMW Assist telematics service, and BMW TeleServices serving to transmit service-relevant data to the driver's BMW Service Partner are all available as optional extras.
As yet a further option the BMW M3 may also be fitted with a BMW Individual high-end audio system specially developed by BMW M GmbH and tailored exclusively to this special car. In this case up to 16 high-performance loudspeakers with neodym magnetic drive and extremely stiff hexacone membranes, a digital nine-channel amplifier with maximum output of 825 Watt and precisely acting frequency switches, guarantee unparalleled quality of sound.
A feature truly unique in the automobile is DIRAC live technology serving to process signals. DIRAC technology corrects the impulse response by the loudspeakers and thus ensures linear, precisely timed playback within the car. The clean impulse quality generated in this way in the playback process gives not only the drier, but rather all occupants in the BMW M3 Coupe an extremely versatile and realistic experience of sound.

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2008 BMW M1 Concept

Homage to the BMW M1
"For a company as for a product, it is important to be aware of one's roots. In the spirit of Giugiaro and Bracq, the BMW M1 Homage unites the BMW values of design and technology in a highly emotional and exciting interpretation." Christopher E. Bangle, Director Design BMW Group

The BMW M1 was an utterly uncompromising super sports car oozing passion; its forerunner, the BMW Turbo by Paul Bracq, displayed innovative technical solutions that found their expression in emotional design. It is precisely this blend - of technology and design, rationality and passion - that the BMW M1 Homage embodies. It presents an exciting and authentic interpretation of the BMW M1 and the mid-engine concept from a present-day perspective, and the legacy of the BMW M1 Homage is obvious at first glance. Unquestioningly it takes up the graphic play of the hallmark BMW M1 colours black and orange and interprets them anew. The Liquid Orange paintwork exclusively developed for the BMW M1 Homage cites the classic BMW M1 colour, yet surprises with its powerfully iridescent play of colour and brilliant depth. It shapes the extrovert surface language and strikingly highlights the eloquent interplay of convex and concave surfaces.

Mention the BMW M1, and another feature that immediately springs to mind is the characteristic twin logo at the rear, on the right and left edge above the tail lights. For BMW, this particular arrangement of its emblems has always signalled a mid-engined model. In the development stage of the BMW M1 this dual emblem was the first styling element to be approved even before the initial sketches were drawn. Likewise, it was confirmed from the outset that the BMW M1 Homage would feature the same twin badges. Other specific styling cues taken from the BMW M1 are the air vents in the bonnet and the louvres on the rear windscreen, as well as the black cutline dividing the roofline from the rear section of the body. Overall, the exterior dimensions of the BMW M1 Homage are in keeping with those of the BMW M1; only the extended wheelbase indicates a larger passenger cell.

Emotional design at the flashpoint between tradition and modernism

The BMW M1 Homage takes long familiar elements from the BMW Design repertoire, reinterprets them and couches them in a new context. Its design brings together past and present, expanding the observer's perception through new design solutions that find their expression in typical BMW style. If the contrasting colours were a dominant design theme for the BMW M1, this contrast is perpetuated in the BMW M1 Homage through its surface styling. Familiar elements, such as the trademark proportions, are combined with new and exciting lines, surfaces and details to create an up-to-date interpretation of the BMW M1, which remains to this day an extraordinary car.

Shunning the strong wedge shape of other mid-engine cars, the BMW M1 Homage consciously opts for BMW's characteristic proportions. A relatively long engine compartment, a clearly defined transition into the A-pillar and a stretched window line featuring the "Hofmeister" kink instantly give it away as a bona fide BMW. The horizontal flow of lines lowers the car's visual centre of gravity and lends it an air of sovereignty.

Though the BMW M1 already boasted extremely harmonious and sporty proportions, its surface design was not yet an explicit styling issue and was dominated by high-contrast graphic themes. Today, however, next to the car's proportions, it is primarily the unusual surface styling that determines the strong recognition value of a BMW model. For some years now, all BMW vehicles have exhibited a striking and unique design language. The sculpting of the surfaces demands substantial experience and craftsmanship at the highest level. Only through the combination of craft skills, state-of-the-art technology and a sure sense of the personality of each BMW can designers and modellers achieve the overall sculptural effect that lends a BMW its unique character. The BMW M1 Homage systematically melds the proportions and graphic themes of the BMW M1 with the surface language of the new BMW look - a combination that imbues the vehicle with an exciting, sporty and authentic emotionality.

The front-end styling of the BMW M1 Homage adopts many of the graphic design themes of the BMW M1: the contrast between the black, recessed surfaces and the car colour, the small, squat kidney grille and the "invisible" headlamps. And yet the front of the BMW M1 Homage is an absolute novelty for BMW. Each element assumes a function: the hallmark twin kidney, for example, is not only a distinguishing feature of the BMW brand but combines aerodynamic, cooling-air routing and safety solutions. The design of the headlamps, meanwhile, is a new iteration of the retractable headlights of the BMW M1. Like the lamps on the historic model, those on the BMW M1 Homage are only visible when switched on. When not in use they are discreetly integrated into the front-end design and "disappear" into the recessed black cutline, almost like pop-up headlights.

Along the side of the car all the lines, surfaces and details lead the eye from the front end along the stretched engine compartment and clearly defined A-pillars before converging at the centre of the vehicle. Two expressive lines are drawn from the front along the flanks of the vehicle towards the engine compartment area. The flow of lines begins in a straight, disciplined fashion at the front end, lowering the optical centre of gravity of the BMW M1 Homage and highlighting its low-slung stance. From the middle of the car, however, the lines break up. The power of the design is focused precisely where the power of the vehicle also lies - at the engine. Strong, sensuous sweeping lines accentuate the car's mid-engine concept, the design emphasising the mechanics behind it, the engineering skills and the engine expertise of the BMW Group.

The roofline of the BMW M1 Homage is flatly tapered, extending into and around the rear. In so doing it draws a continuous line and forms a link between the two sides of the car. It is on this line, above the tail lights, that the hallmark twin BMW logo can also be found.

"Engineering is beautiful - let's show it!"
The overall design is driven by functionality and each detail has its purpose. Aspects such as aerodynamics, cooling-air routing and safety lend the BMW M1 Homage technical substance and make it a genuine BMW. A telling symbol of this is the kidney grille design of the BMW M1 Homage, fulfilling as it does several functions at the same time. The twin kidney isn't just a signature BMW feature, it is also part of the car's honed aerodynamics: it guides the air to the engine cooling as well as constituting the front section of a crash box, similar to the monocoque chassis of a Formula One race car.

Inspired by aircraft design, the car as a whole also boasts sophisticated air ducting through the body. For example, the cooling-air routing for the engine is positioned below the roofline, in the black recessed cutline along the side of the vehicle behind the window graphic. Small flaps and openings guide the air stream into the engine compartment to ensure an adequate supply of cooling air.

Vision and inspiration
"The BMW M1 Homage clearly manifests the creativity and potential of the BMW Design team. A project such as this is a valuable source of inspiration for our day-to-day work." Adrian van Hooydonk, Director Design BMW Automobiles

The BMW M1 Homage holds great significance for the BMW Group Design team, its genesis epitomising both a living tradition and an innovative future. This vehicle is designed as a source of inspiration; it sets out to challenge us to question and rethink what we see around us. The BMW M1 Homage pays eloquent tribute to the BMW Turbo and the BMW M1, which in their design were well ahead of their time. Originally slated as "merely" a design study or small series, their influence remains very palpable today - 30 years on.

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2008 BMW GINA Light Visionary Model Concept

The key to affecting the development of tomorrow's mobility lies in our readiness to challenge what is established and in the ability to present new options. In order to meet these objectives, BMW Group Design taps into the potential of the GINA principle (Geometry and Functions In "N" Adaptions) which promotes innovative thinking by allowing maximum freedom of crea-tivity. GINA produces dramatically different solutions that affect the design and functionality of future cars. The GINA Light Visionary Model is an optical expression of selective, future-oriented concepts which provide an example of the manner and extent of this transformation.

 

The seamless car body of the GINA Light Visionary Model.

Putting its visions of tomorrow's car into practice, BMW Group Design has developed a two-seater roadster with the unique dynamic proportions that are typical of its brand. The GINA Light Visionary Model takes the sculptural design that has already been established by a number of production cars to a new, unparalleled conclusion. The car's front and sides, including the doors, create one single uninterrupted, seamless whole that converges to form an optical as well as a structural unit.

In order to create this appearance, it was necessary to move beyond all previous conceptions of car body configuration, design and materials. Therefore, the GINA Light Visionary Model has dispensed with the usual body elements found on production vehicles such as front apron, bonnet, side panels, doors, wheel arches, roof, trunk lid and rear deck. Instead, a new structure with a minimum amount of components has taken their place. A special, highly durable and extremely expansion-resistant fabric material stretches across a metal structure.

This new material offers designers a significantly higher level of freedom of design and functionality.

The body consists of only four elements. The largest component extends from the front of the vehicle to the edge of the windscreen and down the sides to the rear edge of the doors. The large side panels start at the front where the rocker panels emerge and run across the rear wheel arches into the rear. The fourth component is the central rear deck element.

An innovation breaks new ground: car with a flexible outer skin
The innovation of a flexible outer skin breaks new ground in automotive engineering. This revolutionary solution opens up new design, production and functionality potential. It has a major impact on the interaction between driver and car and enhances it by offering a variety of entirely new options. Some elements of the substructure are moveable. The driver can move them by means of electro and electro-hydraulic controls. This will also change the shape of the outer skin, which can thus be adapted to suit the current situation, the driver's requirements and can also enhance the car's functional range.
The most striking example of this is the headlight design. In normal position, when the headlights are not active, i.e. when there is no necessity to illuminate the road, they are hidden under the special fabric cover. As soon as the driver turns on the lights, the contour of the front end changes. Activated by the metal structure that lies beneath it, the previously closed fabric cover opens to the right and left of the BMW kidney grille and reveals the BMW double head-lights. The rear and the rocker panels of the GINA Visionary Model can also adapt both the shape and function to the driving situation in hand. Both can change the shape of their outer skin to meet the driver's requirement for particularly dynamic motoring. This concept also takes into account a potential interaction with aerodynamic requirements. The design of the rear element allows for automatic lifting of the rear spoiler when a certain speed is reached, thus creating extra downforce on the rear axle at higher speeds. Due to the fact that the entire rear end, including the spoiler, is covered by a single sheet of material that reaches as far as the rear compartment of the interior, the homogeneous shape of the car's rear will not be affected by changes to the spoiler position. The mechanical system that moves the elements remains concealed.
The turn indicators and the taillights function without changes to the shape of the outer skin. Their position, however, is only revealed upon activation. The emitted light shines through the translucent fabric cover, which is permeable to light but not transparent.

The rocker panels demonstrate the formal versatility of the GINA Light Visionary Model with an equally impressive performance. The air duct can be optimised if required. A corresponding movement of the metal structure results in an adjustment of the rocker panel contour to allow for better airflow. At the same time, an additional protruding rocker panel line emerges. The aerodynamic optimization and the length of the line can be infinitely adapted to the driving situation at hand.

Special fabric cover ensures accurate reproduction of material folds.

The fact that the body surface is designed by means of a flexible fabric cover that stretches across a metal substructure means that the materials used must meet exacting requirements. Industrially produced hybrid fabric made from a stabilizing mesh netting support and an outer layer that is both water-repellent and resistant to high and low temperatures is suitable for this application.

Another essential material property is a maximum level of dimensional stability.
It must remain dimensionally stable irrespective of the temperature and air humidity it is exposed to even after severe and constant expansion. The dimen-sional stability helps retain the cover's surface tension for a long period of time. The movement of individual body elements creates accurately reproducible folds in the material. In its choice of material BMW Group Design was inspired by exterior and interior architecture. The expertise of seat pattern designers working for BMW Group Interior Design was successfully applied in order to cut the fabric webbing to size with maximum precision, determine the strategic position of attachment points and stretch the material. As a result, the surfaces are remarkably well balanced and due to the steady tension that is retained between any two clearly defined points, the lines are extremely accurate.
The special fabric is supported by a metal wire structure. At specific points, the high-strength metal is enhanced by carbon struts with a higher flexibility. They are used predominantly for round, moving contours with a particularly narrow radius.
The use of large fabric areas and the possibility of changing the surface contours by moving individual parts of the metal mesh that lies beneath it create a new relationship between form and function. If additional cooling air is required, the BMW kidney grille at the front of the vehicle can be opened. Because the overall surface of the special fabric covering remains unchanged, the contraction at the front of the vehicle, which is necessary for functional reasons, has to be compensated for by extra tension in other areas. The result is an optically attractive interaction between various body parts that introduces a new dimension to sculptural design. The widening of the kidney grille openings is activated by a movement of the metal mesh in the front area of the side panels. This creates more tension, which becomes visible by the emergence of an additional character line. The development of this new contour tenses the front of the vehicle: the kidney grille opens up.

Innovative body structure introduces new functional dimensions.
The high-precision fit of the material to the metal mesh also allows surface changes without slackening the tension. In this case, opening of the surface by moving the respective steel mesh struts creates precisely defined folds in the material. The GINA Light Visionary Model uses this option to display a function that corresponds to the opening of the hood in conventional vehicles. The material opens at the centre of the engine cover and can be folded to the far right and left along an opening line that is approximately 0.5 meters long, to allow the driver or mechanic access to the service points in the engine.
The filler caps of the engine oil, cooling and wiper water tanks are now open for servicing. Opening and closing is similar to the mechanism on a doctor's traditional medical bag, where clip-lock fasteners are held together in the middle by a rail.
The effect of the accurate surface material draping is even more impressive when the doors are opened. They swing both outwards and upwards. The high number of attachment points for the fabric cover positioned at the front of the car as well as at rear door edges creates a clearly defined and perfectly reproducible bulk of material. The draping is confined to the area between the front door edge and the side panel. Once the doors are closed, the folds in material disappear completely, leaving a perfectly smooth, stretched material surface.

The interior: discourse between driver and vehicle.
In the interior, variability, form and function are united in an inseparable connection. Whenever selected functions are accessed, the driver also changes the appearance of individual car elements. Again, the car's variability is adapted to suit the driver's needs. This creates a close interaction between driver and car in various different situations.
When the car is parked, the steering wheel and the round instruments - rev counter, speedometer and fuel gauge, which are vertically arranged on the centre console, are in idle position. This provides the driver with maximum comfort upon entering the car. Likewise, the seat only assumes its optimised functional position and shape if and when the driver sits down on it.
At that point, the headrest, previously firmly integrated into the seat's backrest, rises up automatically. At the same time, the steering wheel moves towards the driver and the instrument panel moves in the same direction. The information on the best driver-specific position of both steering column and seat is stored in the transducer. The engine is started simply by pushing the start/stop button.
The smooth transition of interior and exterior that is typical of BMW convertibles is reinterpreted by the GINA Light Visionary Model. The fabric that covers the rear deck runs into the interior and stretches across the driver and front passenger seats. The same material is also used for the surface design of the door trim and armrests. The shift lever in the centre console protrudes from tightly stretched textile bellows.

Driver and front seat passenger look out through a steeply inclined windscreen with the inside rear view mirror integrated into its frame. The side view mirrors are connected to the window frame. A narrow vertical dividing bar located at the center of the windscreen harks back to the typical windscreen division of traditional roadsters.

Innovative thinking put into practice: the GINA Light Visionary Model.
With the GINA Light Visionary Model, BMW Group Design focuses on a wide variety of issues that will determine the future conception of mobility.
It demonstrates the results of intense research into design, functionality, material and production. All ideas that have been put into practice in the GINA Light Visionary Model are derived from the same motivation: to challenge conventional and previously pursued solutions. The quest for alternative options has generated a wide variety of different requirements that potential solutions are expected to meet. The main focus is on providing general versatility and catering to customer requirements with sophisticated solutions. In accordance with the GINA principle, every functionality enhancement helps to create an emotional bond between the driver and their car. The new solutions also allow for the option of fast, flexible and cost-efficient production.

Every innovation demonstrated by the GINA Light Visionary Model also contributes to a clearly optimised resource management. As the quest for sustainability is one of the central issues of the GINA philosophy, new materials and manufacturing processes are expected to consume less resources and energy than previous solutions. Accordingly, the infrastructure used for manufacturing cars that are built in compliance with the GINA principle, has also changed. The manufacturing process requires fewer model-specific tools, and more highly-qualified skilled specialists. In all the areas referred to above, the GINA Light Visionary Model has provided inspiration for more intense research into ideas conceived as a result of maximum creative freedom.

Emotional appeal of roadster models and visionary prospect of future cars.
The solutions conceived as part of this philosophy are not considered sepa-rately, but have been pooled in an integrating vision - a vision that is expressed in the context of an outstanding, fascinating car. The basic features of a roadster with its eight-cylinder combustion engine below a stretched front that applies motive power to the rear wheels in order to move the car along the road defines this context. The synthesis of elementary visions and sheer driving pleasure expressed by the appearance of the GINA Light Visionary Model has a particularly striking emotional impact. Only the particular appearance of a fascinating car with its authentic design that creates a natural aesthetic look can bring to light the significance of the presented innovations.

The GINA Light Visionary Model builds a bridge between vision and reality by presenting a number of features with a striking similarity with those found on production vehicles. The Roadster rests on 20" alloy wheels in a cross-spoke design with a matt silver finish. The car body is comprised of an exceptionally light aluminum space frame. Two double tailpipes for the rear exhaust system, a third brake light integrated into the height-adjustable rear spoiler, an air splitter at the front and a rear-end diffuser in a carbon design also meet the standards of a production vehicle.

Nevertheless, the GINA Light Visionary Model retains its character as an object of research. It demonstrates the innovative force of BMW Group Design and its ability to challenge what is established, to find new solutions and to interpret these in the context of the car of the future at a high aesthetic level. This car is the logical continuation of the GINA principle in action. The GINA principle has already led to a variety of innovative concepts and has production vehicles in ways that are completely new and unprecedented by any other car manufacturer.
BMW Group Design uses concept cars such as the BMW concept car CS1 of 2002 as a step on the way towards putting a particular vision into practice. The CS1 was the first to present features such as the basic principle of the innovative control system - the BMW iDrive. Independently from all other innovative features shown by this concept car, the iDrive has become a series production feature.
Similarly, the GINA principle gave rise to an innovative manufacturing method that allows the manufacturers to decorate outer skin components that have been preformed by conventional methods with indi-vidually configured, high-precision contour lines prior to their reintegration into the manufacturing process. The Rapid Manufacturing method utilized for this process was first used during the production of hoods for the BMW Z4 M Roadster and the BMW Z4 M Coupé. In these models, the finished hood has received two distinctive contour lines prior to painting. These are not produced by a pressing tool but embossed into the metal with pin-point precision by a robot-guided steel pin.

Both examples illustrate the challenging route from a vision to a concept and to final series production that is not always straight and direct. With the GINA Light Visionary Model, BMW Group Design shows where this route begins. Not all innovations shown by the GINA Light Visionary Model will pro-ceed to the next stages. In its entirety, however, the visionary look into the future shows the extent to which the BMW Group employs creative potential in its endeavor to respond to the challenges of tomorrow's mobility.

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2008 BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept

Introducing this Concept Car based on the new BMW 7-Series, BMW is clearly demonstrating the potential offered by the most advanced hybrid technology available today. The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept comes with hybrid components tailored precisely to the character of this unique saloon, offering driving comfort, everyday motoring qualities and driving safety of the supreme standard only the BMW 7-Series is able to provide.

In addition, the BMW ActiveHybrid technology featured in the Concept Car reduces both fuel consumption and emissions by 15 per cent versus the same car with a combustion engine and offers a standard of driving dynamics clearly exceeding all series models with hybrid technology presented so far. The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept combines an eight-cylinder gasoline engine and an electric motor developing 15 kW/20 hp and maximum torque of 210 Newton-metres/155 lb-ft as a mild hybrid concept. Electric power is generated by a particularly powerful variant of Brake Energy Regeneration already featured in the BMW Group's regular production cars. The energy generated in this way is then stored in a lithium-ion battery fitted in accordance with the package of the car beneath the luggage compartment.

This electrical energy serves to supply the on-board network and, in addition, to boost the combustion engine under clearly defined driving conditions. The result is a significant optimisation of engine power and response ensuring even more dynamic acceleration whenever required.
BMW ActiveHybrid technology thus supports the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy in a particularly intelligent manner, offering even greater driving pleasure on less fuel as well as cleaner emissions.
BMW ActiveHybrid is an important building brick within the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy as a whole. Pursuing this strategy, the BMW Group has indeed introduced a wide range of efficiency-boosting features in series production throughout the entire model portfolio, thus achieving unique progress the world over in the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions.

Sales of BMW cars with EfficientDynamics since the year 2007 already exceed a million units. Accordingly, this broad-scale strategy lauded on many occasions through significant prizes and awards has led to a substantial reduction of average fuel consumption by the BMW car fleet.

Parallel to this trendsetting strategy, the BMW Group is developing hybrid technology along various lines for various vehicle segments. The objective of this elaborate development process is to create hybrid systems significantly reducing fuel consumption while maintaining the driving dynamics so typical of the brand, in this way living up to the great demands made of a BMW in every respect.

Pursuing this strategy, two models with BMW ActiveHybrid technology will be reaching production level in 2009 alone.

The perfect starting point: the world's most Efficient luxury performance saloon.
The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is based on the new BMW 7-Series already ranking right at the top in its class in standard trim in terms of efficiency. The new luxury performance saloon from the world's most successful manufacturer of premium cars thus lives out the demanding objectives of the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy in particularly convincing style also in this segment.
Compared with their predecessors, all models in the new BMW 7-Series stand out in providing both enhanced performance as well as a significant reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. In their respective performance class, the three engines available right from the start upon the market launch of the new 7-Series rank right at the top worldwide in terms of efficiency. In addition, all models in the BMW 7-Series come as standard with a wide range of BMW EfficientDynamics technologies including Brake Energy Regeneration, on-demand control of the engine's ancillary units, intelligent lightweight construction, active aerodynamics provided by air flap control, and tyres with reduced roll resistance. And last but certainly not least, all engine variants in the new BMW 7-Series comply in full with the EU 5 emission standard.
Given these qualities, the new BMW 7-Series from the start offers an ideal foundation for setting the standard worldwide both in the luxury segment and in the hybrid market through an optimum combination of the most advanced BMW ActiveHybrid technology. Another essential feature of the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is that this unique model offers such a significant increase in efficiency over the regular production model without in any way giving up the well-known qualities of BMW's luxury saloon.

Not to be seen from outside, BMW ActiveHybrid technology offers the driver the significant benefits of a new drive concept without in any way influencing the motoring comfort, luxurious ambience, and safety this truly outstanding saloon is able to provide. And when it comes to everyday driving qualities, the concept is once again just right for full enjoyment and driving pleasure in every respect, without the slightest restrictions.

BMW ActiveHybrid technology integrated the intelligent way.
Presenting the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept, BMW is introducing a hybrid car which, through its harmoniously balanced drive components, will fit perfectly into the model range of BMW's new luxury performance saloons. The driving experience and motoring comfort reflect the character of this outstanding model line, with new highlights in terms of both driving dynamics and efficiency - as on BMW's conventional model variants, too. Quite simply, this is because hybrid technology BMW-style stands for superior dynamics combined with outstanding efficiency forming a perfect symbiosis with the sheer supremacy of the BMW 7-Series.
All this is made possible by combining an eight-cylinder petrol engine for the first time with a mild hybrid concept. Specifically this approach has been chosen here since the savings potential offered by hybrid technology increases with the output and performance of the combustion engine used, and because large-capacity power units are of particular significance in the premium segment.
Focusing initially on smaller cars, BMW has already introduced solutions in the context of EfficientDynamics serving to significantly reduce fuel consumption and not in any way increasing the cost of ownership for the customer. BMW's current diesel models in this segment, for example, thanks to BMW EfficientDynamics, ensure fuel consumption and emission ratings achieved by other manufacturers with their hybrid cars only on a far lower level of output and performance.
In the medium term the development of hybrid systems by the BMW Group tailored to individual models will also lead to solutions in segments offering significant advantages in both fuel economy and driving dynamics so typical of BMW. And at the same time the larger number of models produced will help to reduce the additional cost of hybrid technology.
Mild hybrid and the combustion engine form an ideal match in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept as is already the case in the BMW X6 ActiveHybrid Concept combining a full hybrid concept with an eightcylinder petrol engine.

Taking these different approaches, BMW is already demonstrating the broad-scale application of hybrid technology, proving that in this area, too, model- and concept-specific solutions will pave the way towards maximum efficiency in all segments of performance and individual vehicles.

Consistent optimisation: BMW ActiveHybrid and the V8 power unit with Twin Turbo and High Precision Injection.
Like all power units in BMW production cars, the combustion engine featured in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept has been developed in the context of BMW EfficientDynamics. In the BMW 750i this all-aluminium power unit offers all the qualities typical of an eight-cylinder in incomparably sporting and, at the same time, comfortable style, combining power and traction from low engine speeds with impressive pulling force throughout a wide range of engine revs.
The power and performance characteristics of the new V8 power unit result primarily from BMW's innovative Twin Turbo technology. This unique technology featured for the first time on an eight-cylinder gasoline engine, with two turbochargers not fitted at the outside, but rather directly in the V-section of the engine and supplying four cylinders with compressed air in each case, ensures unparalleled spontaneity in responding to the accelerator pedal.
High Precision Injection, in turn, ensures highly Efficient use of fuel, the second generation of direct gasoline injection introduced by BMW incorporating piezo-injectors fitted in the cylinder head directly next to the spark plugs and delivering fuel to the combustion chambers at a pressure of 200 bar.
This concept alone makes the supply and dosage of fuel extremely precise, the V8 power unit with Twin Turbo and High Precision Injection achieving the highest level of efficiency worldwide in the eight-cylinder segment.
This outstanding efficiency is also attributable to the use of BMW EfficientDynamics in and around the engine, with features such as Brake Energy Regeneration, on-demand management and control of ancillaries including an a/c compressor operating only when required, and the use of on-demand pump technology on the car's suspension control systems.
This intelligent energy management also comprises the electrification wherever possible of comfort functions running on electrical energy generated in particular by Brake Energy Regeneration.
Use of electric power generated without consuming fuel in the interest of even greater efficiency.
Given all these qualities, intelligent alternator control ensures the generation of electricity from energy otherwise wasted in the brake system as heat dissipated into the environment. Now, therefore, the fuel contained in the energy burnt is used to a much higher degree for ensuring genuine driving dynamics on the road, helping to improve the car's acceleration to an even higher level and optimising the efficiency of the drive system under all load conditions.
The principle of Brake Energy Regeneration is applied in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept more consistently than in any production vehicle so far, giving the car an unusually high standard of all-round efficiency and fuel economy. In this case the conventional alternator is replaced by the electric motor fully integrated in the transmission housing and delivering electricity in overrun and under application of the brakes through the likewise fully integrated power electronics to the lithium-ion battery.
The electric motor integrated in the transmission housing thus ensures far greater efficiency in the generation of electric power than an alternator drawing energy directly from the combustion engine and, as a result, reducing its overall standard of efficiency.
BMW ActiveHybrid technology is also superior to a conventional alternator through its own, inherent efficiency, the energy yield produced by the electric motor through Brake Energy Regeneration alone exceeding the normal standard roughly ten times.
The innovative energy storage technology of the lithium-ion battery featured in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept also provides the option to store a much greater amount of electrical energy available virtually free-of-charge, then providing this energy on a permanent basis for all kinds of vehicle functions and therefore exceeding the performance of conventional battery units by far. The progress achieved by BMW in the area of energy storage thus allows electrical operation of ancillary units to an extent far beyond the standard possible so far in a production car.
A further point is that the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept uses electrical energy to an even higher degree also for additional functions ranging all the way to extra power provided by the electric motor within the mild hybrid concept in support of the car's primary drive system. This is also made possible by the specific position of the electric motor in the transmission housing, where it is able to offer an additional power feed.
A 120V on-board network serves to meet further purposes and requirements, operating in parallel to the conventional 12V network. And with its output of 15 kW, the electric motor supports the combustion engine in generating dynamic power serving to drive the car. Since the energy used in the process is delivered by Brake Energy Regeneration without any additional consumption of fuel, the mild hybrid concept gives the car extra dynamics combined with a significant improvement of efficiency.

This additional power and reduction of the load acting on the combustion engine throughout the entire range of engine speed and running conditions enables the Concept Car featuring BMW ActiveHybrid technology to consistently continue the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy raised in this way to an even higher level.

A harmonious concept: BMW ActiveHybrid in the BMW 7-Series.
The harmonious overall concept of the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is just as impressive as the progressive technology of the car and its efficiency in reducing both fuel consumption and emissions. All components are carefully matched to one another, coming together to form one fascinating, trendsetting whole.
The car itself offers all the qualities of a modern luxury saloon, setting standards through the space available and the exclusive ambience within the interior as well as with its drivetrain and suspension technology allowing an outstanding combination of dynamic performance and supreme motoring comfort.
BMW ActiveHybrid technology specially conceived for the saloon serves to enhance the driving experience in genuine style typical of a BMW 7-Series and at the same time achieves a new level of all-round efficiency. Hence, the Concept Car offers improvements and options raising the very favourable balance of performance and fuel consumption already offered on the series-production BMW 750i to a significantly higher standard.

The arrangement of the hybrid components likewise serves to enhance the degree of efficiency and promote the driving experience even further. Positioned appropriately within compact dimensions in the transmission housing, the electric motor optimises both the generation of electricity and the drive power delivered by the combustion engine. Housed in the rear of the car, in turn, the lithium-ion batteries offer an ideal solution in terms of both everyday driving qualities, the balance of the overall vehicle, and safety.

Ultra-modern energy storage technology: lithium-ion battery with superior capacity and stable cycles.
Using a lithium-ion battery, BMW is taking yet another step into the future in the particularly intense and flexible use of electric power in the car. As a rule, the energy delivered by Brake Energy Regeneration must be fed to a storage unit at all times and must be available - depending on driving conditions - in different cycles, whenever required. In addition, storage capacity must be sufficiently great for the car to cover longer distances without application of the brakes or running in overrun, while at the same time the supply of electric power must not be interrupted.
This is why BMW uses AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries on regular production cars featuring Brake Energy Regeneration, that is cars running in frequent and irregular charge and discharge cycles without losing energy in the process. To meet the requirements of a mild hybrid concept, on the other hand, a car needs a high-voltage energy storage unit with significantly higher output and performance. The system developed for the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept therefore uses the most advanced lithium-ion technology fulfilling the greatest demands in terms of battery capacity and lasting performance.

The lithium-ion battery has proven its particularly high storage capacity and resistance to charge and discharge cycles for a long time in many other areas, for example in the mobile phone and in laptops. The energy storage unit featured in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept therefore opens up a new perspective in the use of this technology under the particularly demanding conditions prevailing in a motor vehicle.

Intelligent energy management with a lithium-ion battery, an AGM battery and two on-board networks.
To ensure Efficient energy management meeting all of the driver's and passengers' requirements, the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept comes with two on-board network systems carefully matched to one another. In addition to the conventional 12V network supplied with power by the AGM starter battery, BMW's new Concept Car features an innovative 120V network feeding power from the electric motor to the appropriate components with the help of the lithium-ion battery.
Through the 120V on-board network, the lithium-ion battery featured in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is able to supply power to a particularly large number of electrical components. A further point is that the high-voltage power network provides the foundation for using a high-performance electrical drive system. Contrary to the conventional on-board network, this also means the option to supply power directly to, say, the a/c compressor.

The range of functions already driven electrically today in BMW's production models extends from the ventilation and air conditioning units through the lights, entertainment, navigation and communication systems all the way to the coolant pump and servo motors for dynamic driving systems such as Dynamic Damper Control featured as standard on the BMW 7-Series. Stable and reliable coverage of all energy requirements and all electrically driven vehicle functions in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is therefore guaranteed at all times, regardless of driving conditions.

High storage capacity enhancing both efficiency and motoring comfort.
Among other things, this allows the use of the Auto Start Stop function in conjunction with BMW ActiveHybrid technology even more often than in BMW's current production models, without giving up or losing motoring comfort in any way whatsoever. When stopping at a road junction, at the traffic lights or in a traffic jam, the combustion engine is automatically switched off to avoid any inEfficient idling. Then, as soon as the driver lets go of the brake pedal and presses down the gas pedal to set off again, the engine is started automatically.
The various functions no longer connected to the alternator on the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept may also be operated during such an interim stop, the energy required for this purpose being delivered consistently by the high-capacity lithium-ion battery.
Optimum comfort is ensured above all by ongoing operation of the ventilation and climate control systems keeping temperatures in the interior at a consistent level also when the car is at a standstill. Similarly, all other comfort functions may still be used permanently while the engine is switched off. Clear highlights in design bearing testimony to the car's efficiency and trendsetting technology.
The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is a hybrid car offering a dynamic potential truly unique the world over - and at the same time it is a luxury performance saloon with an excellent balance of performance and fuel consumption.
Precisely these unique qualities come out clearly also through the design of the Concept Car. The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is based in its concept and fundamental design on the new BMW 7-Series, a luxury saloon offering a fascinating synthesis of sporting elegance and natural presence. The dynamic proportions of the car are clearly expressed by its long wheelbase, the long and sleek engine compartment lid, the short overhang at the front, the passenger compartment moved far to the rear, and the low roofline.

The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept adds specific design features both at the front and the rear to enhance this characteristic look to an even higher level. At the same time the close match of the production model and the concept car clearly symbolises BMW's claim to offer the potential of BMW ActiveHybrid technology within BMW's existing portfolio of models. And the paintwork in Blue Water Metallic already used on other high-efficiency concept cars clearly bears testimony to the outstanding efficiency of this very special saloon.

Optimised air guidance at the front.
The outstanding presence and flair of the new BMW 7-Series is expressed at the front end of the car particularly by the large BMW kidney grille standing out far to the front in an almost majestic, upright position. Generously designed dual round headlights, in turn, create that concentrated look so typical of BMW, while the large engine compartment lid exudes a feeling of clarity and tranquillity.
Contrary to the series model, the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept comes with an aluminium band slightly inclined towards the rear and somewhat lower down, instead of the usual chrome band above the lower air intake scoop.
This aluminium trim extends across the entire width of the car, tapering out towards the outside. In this position and with its special design featuring a precise contour and angle, the aluminium band resembles an air flap typically used on a modern aircraft.
Featured on the front end of the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept, the band serves in a similar manner to optimise aerodynamics and air guidance along the lower section of the car. The centre section of the aluminium band, in turn, covers the lower air intake scoop, while the two slender edges beneath the headlights subdivide the air intakes at the side with contours similar to the headlights themselves.
Foglamps are fitted at the outer edge of the two air intakes boasting a black honeycomb grid again in unique design. These foglamps are made up in each case of seven LED light units, six of which are arranged vertically in rows of two and one of which is below the aluminium band. The horizontal line of the aluminium band and the foglamps placed far to the outside serve in this way to additionally accentuate the sheer width of the car.

From the side the sporting and elegant lines of the saloon are accentuated by 20-inch aluminium rims on the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept. The wheels in V-spoke design are finished in body colour and thus merge even more smoothly and harmoniously with the overall look of the car. The name "EfficientDynamics - ActiveHybrid" on the lower part of the doors, finally, highlights this outstanding saloon as a particularly fuel-Efficient, low-emission concept.

Exclusive design on the exhaust tailpipes.
The particular style created at the front of the car by the aluminium band is reflected by the rear-end design of the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept where an aluminium air flow element extends across the entire width of the car beneath the rear apron, reaching its full height only in the middle.
The more slender edges to the right and left form the upper surround on the twin-chamber exhaust system with its tailpipes again coming in new, innovative design. The tailpipes are surrounded by a frame of matt chrome and, instead of their usual round or oval shape, come in unusually wide and flat contours. A horizontal, black crossbar, finally, gives the tailpipes an almost multi-level appearance as if they were split up into two sections.

The aluminium band at the rear again forms an additional horizontal line emphasising the wide track of the car. At the same time the sculptural surfaces so characteristic of the new BMW 7-Series also dominate the looks and appearance of the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept, again creating that unique BMW style. The roofline, in turn, flows down via the flanks of the car all the way to the bumper, thus including the rear end in the overall dynamic look of the new BMW 7-Series for a particularly sporting touch.

Unique: BMW ActiveHybrid technology in the luxury class.
Introducing the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept, the world's most successful manufacturer of premium cars is setting a clear standard: Hybrid technology has the potential to meet the extremely great demands made of a car in the luxury class. And at the same time it offers all the qualities required to further enhance the characteristics typical of a BMW.
This nevertheless calls for hybrid components precisely tailored to the respective model and boasting features exactly reflecting the profile of the BMW brand.
To meet this demand, BMW has applied its unique development competence in the area of drive systems unparalleled the world over for the systematic and clear-cut integration of hybrid components.
The result of this intense development process is BMW ActiveHybrid - a technology able to provide the most dynamic hybrid cars in the world and serving at the same time to offer the greater efficiency achieved by combining a combustion engine with electric drive under all motoring conditions, significantly reducing both fuel consumption and emissions in the process. The BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is therefore more superior, more dynamic and more efficient than all other cars featuring this kind of technology so far.
Yet another important highlight of BMW ActiveHybrid technology is the ability to offer the full potential of this technology quite independently of the driver's action. This big advantage comes from the fact that BMW ActiveHybrid technology is fully integrated into the drive system, without any effects on the design of the car and its everyday use.
Hybrid technology therefore fits perfectly into the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy, where all EfficientDynamics components and features come as standard on BMW's various models, tailored in each case to the specific model and its individual character. These components and technologies therefore help to reduce fuel and exhaust emissions over a wide range of loads also under practical, everyday driving conditions, to a great extent without requiring any action on the part of the driver. And BMW ActiveHybrid technology also remains in the background to begin with, at the same time naturally offering its full effect in terms of efficiency and dynamics.
Best of Hybrid: flexible development strategy providing ideal solutions on each model.
Given these qualities, the technology featured in the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept is ideally suited for a luxury performance car of this calibre. Taking the same approach as with many other highly developed and advanced technologies, BMW seeks also in the implementation of hybrid components to introduce these technologies initially in higher segments of the market such as the luxury performance class. Clearly, this gives particular emphasis to the premium claim underlying each new development.
In developing hybrid components BMW seeks furthermore to find appropriate applications for each model and concept. BMW ActiveHybrid is based on a modular principle following the "Best of Hybrid" strategy in integrating the optimum components in different vehicle concepts as required.
On the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept the eight-cylinder petrol engine and the electric motor acting as the mild hybrid power unit form the same ideal match as the eight-cylinder petrol engine and the full hybrid concept on the BMW X6 ActiveHybrid Concept launched in 2007. Indeed, this broad scope of possible hybrid applications reflects the underlying principle of BMW EfficientDynamics to develop appropriate solutions for all vehicle segments and performance classes in line with each concept and vehicle.
BMW is developing these hybrid components in a joint venture among equals with Daimler. The objective of this joint venture is to develop and test components for hybrid drive in upmarket vehicles, each manufacturer then integrating the hybrid components developed into their respective cars in accordance with the individual philosophy of each brand.
Ongoing progress ensured by BMW ActiveHybrid and BMW EfficientDynamics.
Pursuing the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy, the BMW Group is making the most effective contribution worldwide to the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions in road traffic. The result of this unique strategy results from both the regular use of such trendsetting innovations as standard equipment on BMW models and from the introduction of such innovations throughout all model series, as well as the wide range of improvements ensured in this way.
BMW ActiveHybrid now takes a significant step into the future in this context of highly developed technologies for the environment, opening up the door to an even wider range of technologies for reducing fuel consumption and emissions in the years to come and using an appropriate combination of features in each case and for each model in the interest of enhanced driving dynamics and all-round economy. The objective is to develop concepts for all model series providing utmost driving pleasure on the most efficient use of energy.
Now BMW offers a unique range of efficiency-enhancing technologies also in the luxury saloon segment, with BMW's regular models in the new BMW 7-Series already featuring a wide range of improvements through BMW EfficientDynamics quite unparalleled the world over in their impact and diversity.
BMW ActiveHybrid technology adds a further option, hybrid technology for the first time achieving the supreme standard essential to BMW in a luxury performance car of this calibre. So introducing the BMW 7-Series ActiveHybrid Concept, BMW is proudly presenting another strategy in further enhancing the Company's position as the world leader in the development of particularly efficient and, at the same time, highly dynamic automobiles of a unique standard.

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